Keeping Close to Home by bell hooks Essay -- Class and Education

Because it is very credible, emotionally appealing, and slightly academically based, tam-tam hookss essay Keeping stuffy to Home Class and Education is an essay that I consider to be very touching. While arguing in her essay that the rich class and the childbed should come to attentiveness and understand each other, bell hooks employs three elements of argument ethos, pathos, and logos. With her usage of ethos, hooks relates her attend as an undergraduate at Stanford. Providing an experience from a time before she went to Stanford, hooks uses pathos to inspire the audience. However, hooks uses logos by appealing to the readers logic. These readers are the working-class and the privileged, the audience of her book Aint I a Woman black women and feminism. Relying mostly on ethos, hooks uses the three elements of argument to express her belief that students should not feel the pressure to replace their set with others values. Because hooks feels strongly about her beli ef, she argues that a university should help students maintain the connection with their values, so people of different communities will feel neither inferior nor ranking(a) to others but equal. When using ethos, hooks demonstrates her knowledge of values by relating her experience at Stanford where she met many privileged whites who had values that contradicted her own. For example, many of the white students appeared to lack respect for their parents. However, hookss parents always taught her to show them respect. hooks even says in her essay, I was profoundly shocked and disturbed when peers would talk about their parents without respect, or would even say that they detest their parents (88). Also, everyone looked down upon the ... ... much easier when we were all in segregated communities sharing common experiences in relation to social institutions. Without this grounding, we must work to maintain ties, connection (hooks 95). As hooks hints, maintaining ties may not b e easy, but it is definitely possible. hooks establishes common ground with people who have these questions, and she gives the answer in her experience of gravid work. Having worked hard on handling harsh criticism and pressure without losing ties with her background, bell hooks, in my opinion, is an example of a strong individual. So, if you need proof that the answer to these questions is yes, bell hooks is all the proof you needWorks Citedhooks, bell. Keeping Close to Home Class and Education. The Presence of Others. 2nd ed. Andrea Lunsford and John J. Ruszkiewicz. New York St. Martins Press, 1997. 85-95.

An Analysis of the Epic Poem, Beowulf - Sources for Beowulf Essay

Sources for Beowulf Many of the characters and episodes and material artifacts mentioned poetically in Beowulf are likewise presented to us from archaeological sources, from literary sources, and from English and Scandinavian records. I suggested in an earlier paper that the Beowulf poets incentive for composing an epic about sixth-century Scyldings may have had something to do with the fact that, by the 890s at least, Heremod, Scyld, Healfdene, and the rest, were taken to be the common ancestors two of the Anglo-Saxon royal family and of the ninth-century Danish immigrants, the Scaldingi (Frank 60). Scyld, the ancestor of the Danish royal family, the Scioldungas, bears a close resemblance to Skioldr, ancestor of the Skioldungar, although the Beowulf story itself does not occur in Scandinavian literature (Ward v1,ch3, s3, p10). Healfdene and his sons Hrothgar and Halga are mentioned in Scandinavian sources as well they are identical with the Danish king Hafdan and his sons Hroar r and Helgi mentioned often in The Saga of baron Hrolf Kraki. There can be no doubt that Hrothulf, Hrothgars nephew and colleague, is the son of Helgi, Hrolfr. And Hrothgars son Heoroweard may be identical with Hiorvarr, the brother-in-law of Hrolf in The Saga of superpower Hrolf Kraki. Hrethric, the son of Hrothgar, may be the same person as Hroereker, the successor of Ingialdr. Beowulf uses historical sources too. The Heathobard who was predicted by Beowulf to perhaps take vengeance on Hrothgar may be Hothbroddus in Saxos Danish History who slew Hroarr (Roe). King Froda in Beowulf and his son Ingeld, Hrothgars future son-in-law, correspond to King Frotho IV and his son Ingialdr, both kings of the Danes. In Beowulf the ... ... Clark, Gorge. The Hero and the Theme. In A Beowulf Handbook, edited by Robert Bjork and John D. Niles. Lincoln, Nebraska Uiversity of Nebraska Press, 1997. Cramp, Rosemary. Beowulf and Archaeology. In TheBeowulf Poet, edited by Donald K. Fry. Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1968. Frank, Roberta. The Beowulf Poets adept of History. In Beowulf Modern Critical Interpretations, edited by Harold Bloom. New York Chelsea House Publishers, 1987. The Holy Bible, prepared by the Catholic Biblical Association of Great Britain. San Francisco Ignatius Press, 1966. The Saga of King Hrolf Kraki, translated by Jesse L. Byock. New York Penguin Books, 1998. Ward & Trent, et al. The Cambridge History of English and American Literature. New York G.P. Putnams Sons, 190721 New York Bartleby.com, 2000

The Effects of the Chernobyl Accident on International Actions Concerni

The Effects of the Chernobyl Accident on International Actions Concerning Nuclear PowerEarly in the morning of April 27, 1986, the globe experience its largest nuclear disaster ever (Gould 40). While violating safety protocol during a test, Reactor 4 at the Chernobyl power plant was placed in a severely unstable state, and in a matter of seconds the reactor output shot up to 120 times the rated output (Flavin 8). The resulting steam explosion tossed parenthesis the reactors 1,000 ton concrete c overing and released radioactive particles up to one and a half miles into the sky (Gould 38). The explosion and resulting fires caused 31 immediate deaths and over a thousand injuries, including radiation poisoning (Flavin 5). After the accident more than 135,000 people were evacuated from their Ukrainian homes, but the major fallout occurred outside of the Soviet yokes borders. Smaller radioactive particles were carried in the atmosphere until they returned to earth via precipitatio n (Gould 43). The Soviets quickly seeded clouds to prevent rainfall over their own land, so more or less of the radioactivity burdened Western Europe, Scandinavia, and the Atlantic and Arctic Oceans (Flavin 12). This truly international disaster had far reaching effects some of these were on health, the environment, social standards, and politics.As the radiation settled over Europe, it had many effects. Since the Soviets did not alert anyone, Sweden, and to a lesser extent Poland, were the first nations to detect the radioactive cloud (Gould 40-41). By may 3 it had made its way all the way to Northern Scotland, and was also moving down into Eastern Europe (39). As radioactive particles dropped to the Earths surface, they were utilized by living orga... ... 1987.Gould, Peter. Fire in the Rain The Democratic Consequences of Chernobyl. The Johns Hopkins University Press Baltimore, 1990.Herbert, Douglas. Disputed Czech Nuclear Plant Counts Down to Launch. September 21, 2000 . hold out accessed 5/9/04 at http//edition.cnn.com/2000/WORLD/europe/09/21/czech.temelin/ http//www.cphpost.dk/get/55328.html closing accessed 5/9/04http//www.planetark.com/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/16161/story.htm last accessed 5/9/04http//www.spacedaily.com/news/nuclear-civil-01c.html last accessed 5/9/04http//www.vanderbilt.edu/radsafe/9702/msg00015.html last accessed 5/9/04Lungescu, Oana. EU to Fund Chernobyl Replacements. September 26, 2000. last accessed 5/9/04 at http//news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/913125.stm Segersthl, Boris (Ed.). Chernobyl A Policy Response Study. Springer-Verlag New York, 1991.

Ray Carvers collection Where Im Calling From :: Ray Carver Essays

Ray Carvers collection Where Im Calling From later on reading more than a dozen of Ray Carvers short stories from his collection Where Im Calling From, I have to ask the question, Where was Carver calling from? On the surface, his stories seem very simple. They ar about people with average jobs such as hotel managers, waitresses, salesmen, and secretaries, who live unsophisticated, mediocre lives. Below the surface, however, there is always more to be discovered if the reader is involuntary to put forth a little bit of effort. Carver obviously put a lot of thought into his stories. The least that we, as readers, preempt do is scratch the surface a little, or better yet, dig deep into his words to see what he is really trying to say to us. This is a delegate that is easier said than done.One story that does not seem quite as difficult as some others to interpret is Theyre Not Your Husband. Carver rattling tells us quite a bit about Earl and Doreen if, once again, we are willing to look for the hidden clues. Earl is a salesman who is currently unemployed. He is looking for work, and he does find a sales job, but not a paying one. When he overhears two of his wifes customers commenting on her fat ass (Magee), and saying, approximately jokers like their quim fat (Carver 45), Earl realizes who his next sales pitch will be aimed at. Not wanting to be considered a joker, he decides to sell Doreen on the judgement of losing weight (Magee).Using his sales tactics, Earl cautiously presents his product to Doreen. At first she is surprised because he has never brought up her weight before, but Earl is able to entice her that she should go on a diet without upsetting her. All right, she said. Ill try. For a few days Ill give it a try. Youve convinced me (Carver 47). After hearing this, Earl replies, Im a closer (Carver 47). Earl feels that he has successfully closed the deal but if we keep digging, we see something more. John Magee, in his term on Theyre Not Your Husband for The Explicator, says, Drop the c from closerand loser emerges, which is what Earl is (2). Earl is a loser because he thinks that the way his wife looks says something about him. He hopes that if he can successfully help Doreen begin to look better, he may start to feel better about himself.

charant Creon as the Main Character of Antigone Essay -- Antigone ess

Creon as the Main Character of Antigone Throughout the Greek look Antigone by Sophocles, there exists a dispute as to who should receive the designation of main character. Antigone, the daughter of the cursed King Oedipus, as well as Creon, shocking king of Thebes, both appear as the key figures in this historic play. I believe that Creon, king of Thebes, should be considered the main character in this build of Greek theater. Three points can be used to make this argument Creon suffers greatly, he learns a lesson, and is a tragic hero. Creon, like all main characters in Greek drama, suffers many losses and undergoes emotional pain and anguish. A target of the curse on the House of Oedipus by relation, Creon was already a victim of fate. His constituent has already been predetermined by the curse on the house of Oedipus, so he must either undergo suffering, death, or even both. He loses his hereafter daughter-in-law, Antigone, by initiating her death, his son through suicide, and his wife by suicide as well. Antigone broke a decree of Creons not to bury the traitor Polynices. The sister of Polynices, she breaks this sunrise(prenominal) law because she knows that in order to please the gods she must so the right thing and bury Polynices. When she does Creon sentences her to death by sealing her in a cave. afterward realizing that he has made a critical error, he and his followers unseal the rocky tomb to find that Antigone has taken her own life. Creons son, Haemon, the to-be husband of Antigone, rushes into the cave in mourning. He attempts an attack on Creon, only if fails to connect with his sword thrust, and in anger and remorse kills himself with his weapon beside his dead love. Creon, overwhelmed with anguish, returns to the castle. But ... ...Gods have attempted to dip their fate, but have never been able to do so. Creon is affected by fate through the curse of Oedipus. The Chorus recites The stress of a Fate is lumberingNor wealth, nor war fare, nor ward,Nor black ships cleaving the seaCan resist her, or flee. (35). Despite the fact that the plays name stands as Antigone, I believe that Creon should be recognized as the key character in this play. He lives longer, has more lines, stands in the middle of many moral arguments, and doesnt pull a disappearing act in the middle of the play. Provided with this knowledge, perchance a reader will read the play Antigone with a new prospective, and look at the story from both point-of-views. Not placing Antigone as the good-guy, and Creon as the bad-guy, but thinking of the pair as good people fighting for the right in conflicting situations.

charant Creon as the Main Character of Antigone Essay -- Antigone ess

Creon as the Main Character of Antigone Throughout the Greek play Antigone by Sophocles, there exists a dispute as to who should receive the designation of main character. Antigone, the daughter of the cursed King Oedipus, as well as Creon, stately king of Thebes, both count as the key figures in this historic play. I believe that Creon, king of Thebes, should be considered the main character in this work of Greek theater. Three points groundwork be used to make this argument Creon suffers greatly, he learns a lesson, and is a tragic hero. Creon, like all main characters in Greek drama, suffers many losses and undergoes emotional pain and anguish. A target of the curse on the House of Oedipus by relation, Creon was already a victim of fate. His destiny has already been predetermined by the curse on the house of Oedipus, so he must either undergo suffering, death, or even both. He loses his future daughter-in-law, Antigone, by initiating her death, his son by dint of suicide, a nd his wife by suicide as well. Antigone broke a decree of Creons not to bury the traitor Polynices. The sister of Polynices, she breaks this new law because she knows that in parade to please the gods she must so the right thing and bury Polynices. When she does Creon sentences her to death by sealing her in a cave. After realizing that he has made a critical error, he and his followers unseal the rocky tomb to find that Antigone has taken her own life. Creons son, Haemon, the to-be husband of Antigone, rushes into the cave in mourning. He attempts an attack on Creon, but fails to connect with his sword thrust, and in anger and remorse kills himself with his weapon beside his dead love. Creon, overwhelmed with anguish, returns to the castle. But ... ...Gods have attempted to evade their fate, but have never been able to do so. Creon is affected by fate through the curse of Oedipus. The Chorus recites The stress of a Fate is hardNor wealth, nor warfare, nor ward,Nor black ships c leaving the sea bottomland resist her, or flee. (35). Despite the fact that the plays name stands as Antigone, I believe that Creon should be recognized as the central character in this play. He lives longer, has more lines, stands in the middle of many moral arguments, and doesnt pull a disappearing act in the middle of the play. Provided with this knowledge, maybe a reader leave alone read the play Antigone with a new prospective, and look at the story from both point-of-views. Not placing Antigone as the good-guy, and Creon as the bad-guy, but thinking of the pair as good people fighting for the right in conflicting situations.

Leadership Theories and Concepts

Evolution of leaders theories 1) The Great man surmise (Trait Theories) These were basis of leading research until 1940s. The great man theory from Aristoteham philosophy asserts that some people argon born to lead whereas others be born to be led. Trait theory(ies) arrogate that some people gain certain characteristics or personality trait that make them better leaders than others. (refer to traits as stipulated by Bass ( nones) Behavioral Theories During forgiving relations era, many behavioural and social scientists studying focus also studied leadership.Emphasis was on what the leader did leaders style of leadership (Lewin 1951) and White & LippiH (1960) came up with leadership styles i) Authoritarian ii) Democratic & leissez-faire Authoritarian leader is characterized by the following behaviours (refer previous notes also) i) Strong control is maintained over the recreate congregation. ii) Others are make by coercion. iii) Others are directed with commands. iv) Comm unication flows downwards. v) Decision making does not involve others. vi) Emphasis is on difference in status (I and you). ii) check is punitive (should be constructive) Productivity is high but creativity, self motivation and autonomy are reduced. Authoritarian leadership is useful in crisis situations and frequently tack in large bureaucrasis such as Armed Forces. Democratic leader exhibits the following behaviours * Less control is maintained. * Economic and ego awards are used to motivate. * Others are directed thorough suggestions and guidance. * Communication flows up and down. * Decision making involves others. * Emphasis is on we rather than I and you. * Criticism is constructive.Because many people have to be consulted it takes time and hence frustrating to these who wants modified. Leissez-Fair loss leader * Is permissive with teentsy or no control. * Motivate by support when requested by the root or one-on-ones. * Provides little or no direction. * Uses upward and downward communication members of collection. * Places emphasis on the separate and does not criticize. * Leissezfare leadership is appropriate when chores are poorly specify and brainstorming is shooted to generate alternative solutions. Situational & Contingency loss leadership TheoriesNo one leadership style is ideal for every situation Situational Theories Leaders are product of a presumption situation. It supports the follower theory which states that people pass on follow people who they see as transacter of accomplishing their personal ends. Contingency Theory .The theory urgues that leaders must alter their style in a manner consistent with the aspects of the context Combines traits and situation. People become leaders because of their responsibility and situational factors. * Leader subordinate family relationship (a leader/people to lead). The extent to which the leader is liked, trusted and respected by followers. * The task structure, whether jobs are struct ured and clarified. The position power and item of influence a leader has over the group e. g. hire or fire, discipline promotes rewards and 1. Blake and Moutonris managerial grid 9 roles of managerial gnd). The managerial grid tail fin leadership styles are plotted in four quadrants of a two dimensional grid. The grid depicts various degrees of leader 1. Impoverished Low concern for two production and people. 2. Authority compliance high concern for production and low concern for people. . Middle of the road moderate concern for production and people. 4. Country fellowship High concern for people and low concern for production. 5. Team High concern for both production and people. MANAGERIAL GRID 91. 9 Country club9. 9 Team 8 Concern for people 7 6 55. 5 Middle of the road 4 3 2 1 1. 1 Impoverished9. 1 Authority Compliance 0123456789 Concern for production Continuum of leadership demeanour Leadership is depicted as occurring along a continuum. It focuses on decision making styles of managers licence and continuum reflects a managers centred style.Managers are autocratic and directive and simply makes and announces decisions. At the right end, managers are employee centred. They use a laissez-faire style and permit employees to set their own goals and function within established parameters. NB No leadership style is appropriate/correct for every management situation. Manager centred leadershipEmployee centred leadership Use of Authority by The manager Area of freedom for employees * incentives. Contemporary Theories of Leadership i) Schein (1970) Systems Theory. SYSTEM 4 MANAGEMENT Developed by Likert.It is based on the premise that involving employees in decisions about work is central to stiff leadership. It has four dimensions based on increasing levels of employees involvement. 1. Autocratic leaders have little trust in employees and exclude them in decision making. 2. Benevolent leaders Are kind to employees but still do not involve them in decision making. 3. Consultative leaders Seek employees advice about decisions. 4. Participative or democratic leaders they value employees involvement, team work and team building.They also have high levels of confidence in employees and seek consensus in decision making. Transformational Leadership Burns (1978) suggested that both leaders and followers have the ability to raise apiece other to higher levels of motivation and morality. He identified this concept as transformational leadership. He maintained that there are two types of leaders in management. 1. The traditional manager, concerned with the day to day operations was termed as Transactional Leader. 2. The manager who is committed, has a vision and is able to empower others with this vision was termed as Transformational leader.Differences between the two Transactional LeaderTransformational Leader * Focuses on management tasks. Identifies common values. * Is caretaker (takes care of tasks. Is committed (extra mile ). * Uses tradeoffs to meet goals. Inspires others with vision. * Shared values not identified. Has longterm vision. * Examiner causes. Looks at effects. * Uses contingency rewards. Empowers others. passel is the essence of transformational leadership. Vision implies the ability to picture some future state and describe it to others so they exit begin to package the dream.Wolf and colleagues (1994) defined transformational leadership as an interactive relationship based on trust that positively impacts both the leader and the follower. * The purposes of the leader and follower become focused, crating unity, wholeness and collective purpose. Transformational leaders are able to incase channelize because of their futuristic focus, values, creativity and innovations. * They value organizational culture and values strongly perpetuating these some values and behaviours in their module. Visioning is the mark of transformational leader visionary leadership allows nurses to create a picture of an ideal future.In sharing these visions the transformational leader empowers staff to find a common ground and a sense of connection. Transformational leaders do the following to make results i. Involve stakeholders (including staff) from the outset when change occurs. ii. Focus on the quality of service. iii. Use non-hierarchical teams with devolved leadership. iv. Create supportive and informal culture. v. Implement successful change leadership. Important concepts in leading/directing Supervision (overseeing) Supervision is another leadership behavior.It includes inspecting anothers work, evaluating his/her performance and approving or correcting performance. Good care is facilitative because a good supervisor inspects work in progress and groundwork remedy incompetent performance before serious consequences develop. The intensity of inadvertence should match situational requirements, employees needs and managers leadership skills. Supervision must be appropria te in type and intensity for work groups members to interact stiffly e. g. technical nurses need closer supervision than professional person nurses. Intensity of supervision should also depend on manger-caregiver ration.A manager can effectively supervise a large physical body of subordinates when they are confined in a small area, perform similar jobs and are fairly educated. The purpose of supervision is to inspect, evaluate and improve worker performance. then a criteria is needed for judging the quality of work processes and outcomes. Job description and associated performance standards provide such evaluation criteria. The following performance elements should be appraised. 1. beat of work output 2. Quality of output 3. Time use 4. Conservation of resources 5. Assistance to co-workers 6. Support of administrators Co-ordinationThis is another leadership activity. It includes all activities that enable work group members to work together harmoniously. Co-ordination ensures th at everything that needs to be done is done and that no two people are doing the same thing (or duplication of activity). Coordinating retrieves 1. Distributing authority 2. Providing channels of communication 3. Arranging work so that the * Right things are done. * At the right time * In the right place * In the right way * By the right people The overall results of coordination should be orderly work, harmonious, efficient and successful activities CommunicationManagement is working through others in order to achieve organizational goals. Therefore a manager must be able to communicate ideas, opinions, requests and directions effectively to co-workers. Effective communications consist of transmitting an accurate heart to the proper recipients at the appropriate time in a manner that conserves the senders and receivers energy, followed by checking that the intended message was received. Communication can therefore be defined as the exchange of education or understanding between a sender (source) and a receiver (audience).It includes verbal and non verbal through which intend is conveyed to others. Silence is also considered as communication since it can also convey a meaning. The process involves a message which is encoded and transmitted through some long suit to a receiver who decodes the message and then a feedback to the sender. Communication model Methods of communication (channels) Receiver Sender Message Feedback Giving feedback indicates understanding of the message thus there is effective two way communication which is necessary for effective management ORGANIZATION COMMUNICATION (give a handout)Formal channels of communication Those are the ex officio paths prescribed by the management which generally follow the organizational chain of command information whitethorn be communicated in several ways a. downward(prenominal) communication b. Upward communication c. Horizontal communication Downward communication The information flows down the or ganizational hierarchy from managers to subordinates and the objectives of this four of communication is * To give directives. The staff is told what needs to be done or given information to facilitate the job to be done e. g. procedure guidelines. Upward CommunicationOccurs from staff to management or from lower management to middle or upper management. It mainly involves reporting pertinent information to facilitate problem solving and decision making. It reveals problem areas, indicates status of worker s morale and makes workers feel part of the organization. Horizontal communication This is routinely achieved through committees or teams e. g. Outpatient role management teams, clerical teams. Committees provide a mechanism for patch upatives of different organizational units at similar levels to discuss common problems and potential problems face to face.This is time consuming, expensive and their decisions are often compromises that may represent ineffectual solution. Lateral Communication Occurs between individuals or departments at the same hierarchical level (e. g. nurse managers). Diagonal Communication Involves individuals or departments at different hierarchical levels (staff nurse to chief of medical staff). Both lateral and diagonal communication involves information sharing, discussion and negotiation. Informal Communication An informal channel seen in organization is the grapevine (i. e. rumours and gossips).This is often rapid, haphazard and prone to distortion. Managers can control negative aspects of the grapevine by communicating accurately, timely information, by maintaining and activating able channels of communication in all directions and by moving quickly to correct inaccurate information. BARRIERS OF COMMUNICATION 1. Environmental Barriers (Noise, Attention, Time) a. Noise Can cause misapprehend since it makes it difficult for one to hear. b. Attention Multiple and Simultaneous demands on the sender may cause the message content to be packaged inappropriately (phone, sign documents). c.Time If less, the sender may have little opportunity to completely think through structure the message to be conveyed, while to the receiver there is inadequate opportunity to ascertain its meaning. 2. Philosophy, Levels, Power consideration a. Philosophy an organization that is not interested in promoting communication upward or downward will certainly establish procedural and organizational blockages. E. g. inaccessibility to superiors, lack of interest in employees, insufficient time to receive information, retard communication flow, lack of action with bear upon to complaints, ideas, and problems tend to discourage flow of information.Multiple levels in an organization hierarchy tend to cause message distortion. b. Levels When multiple links exists in the communication chain information will be rearranged as it is transmitted to other receivers. c. Power status relationship This can also distort or inhibit transmissi on of message. A discordant superior-subordinate relationship can dampen the flow and content of information. In health organizations it is quite common e. g. patients may not question the doctor or a very experienced nurse may not tell a doctor that the treatment is wrong d.Terminology and Complexity of the message Words mean specific things to those who are familiar with them and tend to minimize misunderstanding vice versa. Complexity of message with terminology that may be unfamiliar to the receiver will obviously lead to misunderstanding of the message. COMMUNICATION IN GROUPS / TEAMS A GROUP- A group is an aggregate of individual who interact and mutually influence each other. We have two types of Groups Formal Groups These are clusters of individuals designated by an organization to perform specified organ tasks. Taskforces, committees teams e. injection control team. Informal Groups Groups that evolve from social interactions that are not defined by an organizational structu re. e. g People who take levels together who convince sponeneously to discuss a clinical dilemma. A. Teams Teams are real groups in which individuals must work co0operatively with other in order to achieve some goals. They demonstrate healthy interdependence. A team is composed of a small proceeds of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose, set of performance goals and approach for which they held themselves mutually accountable.Teams have commend or line authonty to perform tasks and membership is based on the specific skills required to accomplish the task. Phases of GROUP AND formation Concepts/ leaves develop in the following phases 1. Forming 2. Storming 3. Norming 4. Performing 5. Adjourning 1. Forming This is the initial stage of group development in which individual members assemble into a well defined cluster ( members get to know each other, and very cautions. 2. Storming The second stage of group department, in which group members develop * * and relationship competition and conflict generally occur. . Norming 3rd stage of Group development. The Group defines its goals and rules of behavior. They define acceptable and unacceptable behavior attitudes. They define acceptable and unacceptable behavior attitudes ** develops. 4. performing (4th stage) The members agree on basic purposes and activities and came out the work. Cooperation improves and emotional issues subside. Members communicate effectively and interact in a relaxed atmosphere of sharing. 5. Adjourning This is the final stage of group development, in which a group dissolves after achieving its objectives.Team building/ team development. This is a group development technique that focuses on task and relationship aspects of group functioning in order to build team cohesiveness. Team building involves a) Gathering data through individual interviews, questioners and or group meetings a benefit the team and its functioning. b) Digressing the team strengths and arc sine need of development. c) Helding semi- structural retreat sessions usually ducted by an experienced facilitator aimed at addressing priority team problem. Characteristics of effective teams 1. Clear objectives and agreed goals . Openness and confrontation 3. Support and trust 4. Co-operation and conflict 5. well-informed procedures 6. Appropriate leadership 7. Regular review 8. Individual development 9. Sound intergroup relations Communicating in Groups Characteristics of Groups 1) Norms These are informal rule sin behaviour shared and enforced by group members e. g Time belongings, changing of shifts. Roles A role is a set of expected behaviors that fit together into a unified whole and are characteristic of persons in a given context. Roles commonly seen in groups can be classified as auther Task RolesNurturing roles or social emotional roles Individuals performing task roles attempt to keep group focused on its goals. STATUS This is a social ranking of individual relative to others in a group based on the position they occupy. Status comes from factors the group values such as achievement, personal characteristics the ability to control rewards or the ability to control information. Higher status members often exercise much influence in group decisions than others. In Summary Communication is influenced by the status and roles of the individuals who dominate team discussions. e. High status members who are fulfilling key roles in relation to a teams priorities are likely to exercise considerable control over communication in the group by determining topics, setting the intuitive feeling of the discussions and influencing how decisions are made. Communicating with others in the clinical setting 1. Communicating with supervisions Communicate with supervision to develop a good working relationship. 1. Always observe professional courtesy. 2. incase of any problem, follow the policy and procedure of the organization 3. If not an emergency, request for an appointment, to discuss the problem further.This demonstrates right time and place. 4. State the concern clear and accurately. 5. Provide supporting evidence 6. State a willingness to co-operate in finding the solution. 7. Match behaviors to words. Communicating with co-workers * To collectively provide quality patients care, nurses depend on co-workers and this requires effective communication. * Do unto others as you wound have them do into you * Your perspective should be that all members of the team are important to successfully realize quality patient care. * Appreciate others for work well done * Offer constructive feedback Be open to the possibility that coworkers especially those with experience have some wisdom to share with you. Communicating with others practitioners * Always introduce yourself to other practitioners. ( or if you are the manager, introduce new gradates. Students to other practitioners) * Be honest and up front. Ask something that you are not aware of f. * Show respect and consideration for other practitioners you work with ( But dont be a dormant) * Present information in a straight forward manner, clearly delineating the problem supported by pertinent evidence. Document well especially if the expected actions were not done in the misadventure book. MOTIVATION Motivation describes the factors that initiate and direct behavior. Therefore a nurse managers most important leadership task is to maximize subordinates work motivation because employees bring to the organization different needs and goals, the type and intensity of motivators vary among employees. Therefore the nurse manager must know which needs the employee expects to satiate through employment and should be able to predict, which needs will be satisfied through the job duties of each nursing position.Importance of Motivation Motivation is a very important for an organization because of the following benefits it provides- 1. Puts human resources into action Every conc ern requires physical, financial and human resources to accomplish the goals. It is through motivation that the human resources can be utilized by making full use of it. This can be done by building willingness in employees to work. This will help the try in securing exceed possible utilization of resources. 2. Improves level of efficiency of employees The level of a subordinate or a employee does not only depend upon his qualifications and abilities.For getting best of his work performance, the gap between ability and willingness has to be filled which helps in improving the level of performance of subordinates. This will result into- a. Increase in productivity, b. Reducing cost of operations, and c. Improving overall efficiency. 3. Leads to achievement of organizational goals The goals of an opening move can be achieved only when the following factors take place - d. There is best possible utilization of resources, e. There is a co-operative work environment, f. The employees are goal-directed and they act in a purposive manner, g.Goals can be achieved if co-ordination and co-operation takes place simultaneously which can be effectively done through motivation. 4. Builds palsy-walsy relationship Motivation is an important factor which brings employees satisfaction. This can be done by keeping into mind and framing an incentive plan for the benefit of the employees. This could initiate the following things h. Monetary and non-monetary incentives, i. Promotion opportunities for employees, j. Disincentives for inefficient employees. In order to build a cordial, friendly atmosphere in a concern, the above steps should be taken by a manager.This would help in a. Effective co-operation which brings stableness, b. Industrial dispute and fermenting in employees will reduce, c. The employees will be adaptable to the changes and there will be no resistance to the change, d. This will help in providing a unagitated and sound concern in which individual interest s will coincide with the organizational interests, e. This will result in profit maximization through increased productivity. 1. Leads to stability of work force Stability of workforce is very important from the point of view of reputation and goodwill of a concern.The employees can remain loyal to the enterprise only when they have a feeling of participation in the management. The skills and efficiency of employees will always be of advantage to employees as well as employees. This will lead to a good public image in the market which will attract competent and qualified people into a concern. As it is said, grizzly is gold which suffices with the role of motivation here, the older the people, more the experience and their adjustment into a concern which can be of benefit to the enterprise. From the above discussion, we can narrate that otivation is an internal feeling which can be understood only by manager since he is in close contact with the employees. Needs, wants and desire s are inter-related and they are the whimsical force to act. These needs can be understood by the manager and he can frame motivation plans accordingly. We can say that motivation therefore is a continuous process since motivation process is based on needs which are unlimited. The process has to be continued throughout. We can summarize by saying that motivation is important both to an individual and a business. Motivation is important to an individual as 1.Motivation will help him achieve his personal goals. 2. If an individual is motivated, he will have job satisfaction. 3. Motivation will help in self-development of individual. 4. An individual would always gain by working with a propellent team. Similarly, motivation is important to a business as 1. The more motivated the employees are, the more empowered the team is. 2. The more is the team work and individual employee contribution, more profitable and successful is the business. 3. During period of amendments, there will be more adaptability and creativity. 4.Motivation will lead to an optimistic and challenging attitude at work place. motivational theories (REFER TO NOTES ON NEOCLASSICAL THEORISTS) Motivational theories were concerned with three things a. What mobilizes or energizes human behavior. b. What directs behavior towards the accomplishment of some objectives. c. How such behavior is sustained over-time. Motivation theorists 1. Maslow hierarchy of needs (5). 2. Alderfer 3 need levels Existence, relatedness, growth theories. 3. Herzbergs two factor theory 4. Skirines reinforcement theory behavior modification (behavior becomes associated with a particular consequence.Consequences may be positive or negative. A positive reinforces reward, a negative reinforces like punishment. 5. Vrooms expectancy theory emphasizes the role of rewards and this relationship to the performance of desired behavior. 6. Adams (equity theory) the motivational theory that suggests that effort and job satisfaction depend on the degree of equity or 7. Goal Theory (locke). 8. Equity the perception that ones work contribution is rewarded in the same proportion that another persons contribution is reward.

Charles Perkins

Essay The Tyger by William Blake is a lyric numbers that depicts the temperament of the creator and his creations. The poem is more about the creator of the tyger than it is about the tyger. In contemplating the terrible ferocity and awe-inspiring symmetry of the tyger, the speaker is at a waiver to explain how the same God who make the meek, innocent lamb could arrive at a horrifying creature such as the tyger.This essay will come through a detailed analysis of William Blakes The Tyger paying patchicular attention, firstly to the extended metaphor in stanzas 2, 3 and 4, secondly, to the poetic significance of repetition, in particular to the phrase fearful symmetry, thirdly, to the role that the rhythm and metre play in creating an urgent need to address the succession of the questions and lastly, the evocation of the subtilize emotion of terror in Blakes depiction of the Tyger. Firstly, the extended metaphor in stanzas 2, 3 and 4, is comparing the creator and his creation of the Tyger to a blacksmith and his creations.A blacksmith that makes rehearse of tools, such as the Hammer, chain, furnace, and anvil in creating objects out of hot metal. The blacksmith represents a conventional image of artistic creation here Blake applies it to the divine creation of the ingrained world. This is evident in Line 5In what distant deeps or skies, refers to an otherworldly (distant) place, perhaps a kind of hell (deeps) or nirvana (skies). The distant deeps or skies bring to mind the concept of hell organism underground and heaven being in the sky.Since the Tyger may have been created in either hell (deeps) or heaven (skies), it re principal(prenominal)s ambiguous as to whether the Tyger is good or bad. Blake was essentially an artist. His Tyger is therefore a painting in words. The tyger in this poem is rather a magical, mystical creature. This is an artists impression of the animal, almost an alien creature with glowing eyes and stripes. Blake does not depict good and unfairness as opposites but rather different aspects of the nature of God. Good and vicious ar different and do motion in the natural world, especially in the way that men react with Gods creation.The very first words expressed by Blake suggests that this tyger has been a forged creation In the forests of the shadow nevertheless describes the dark, mysterious, cloaking and hiding fiery move into of the tyger. The forging of the tiger suggests a very physical, painstaking, and intentional kind of making it emphasizes the remarkable physical presence of the tiger and precludes the idea that such a creation could have been in any way accidentally or haphazardly produced. The word forge means to create or form is a smith term as well as another surname for a smiths furnace.The smith advert also ties into all the antiaircraft gun imagery associated with the Tyger, and emphasizes the energy and danger in the design of the Tyger. However the third stanza depicts a paralle lism of shoulder and art, that it is not skillful the body but also the heart of the tiger that is being forged. Therefore, this is not merely a physical forgery but also a psychological. thusly In what furnace was thy brain moreover suggests that the mind of the tyger is also shaped and twisted under this extreme heat and energy the fire in the furnace kindles.In the process of constructing this tyger it therefore becomes the beast that it is thus is framed to be both terrifying and similarly remarkably elegant. Therefore what this tiger symbolizes is not the typical, blood thirsty predator who possesses stringently animalistic characteristics. Unfortunately Blakes tyger is a symbol of the darker side of lifespan, the overwhelming struggle of mankind against the brute force of reality. With this struggle comes growth and maturity. The lamb and tyger, although opposites, are nevertheless each synonymous with the struggle of life, from innocence to harsh experience.The tiger symbo lizing nature red in tooth and claw, the tiger poses the question of the furrow of evil and the nature of its creator. The perennial problem of believing in a benign Creator while viewing a malign universe has been the most pain of all dilemmas. The tyger is seen the ultimate terror, just as the lamb is the final reassurance for the child of innocence that the universe and its Creator are benign. The rhythm throughout the poem is sensation of stressed followed by unstressed syllables, creating the effect of the blacksmith beating the hammer onto the anvil and thereby forging his creation out of steel.There are also references made to fire throughout the poem burning bright, burnt the fire, seize the fire and furnace. These words again are images of a supreme immortal being that the speaker compares to a black smith. In romantic poetry poets often contrast aspects of nature with the inventions of mankind. Lastly, the evocation of the sublime emotion of terror in Blakes depiction o f the tyger is offering good instance of how Blake himself stands somewhere outside the perspectives of innocence and experience he projects.Another poem is The dearest which is by William Blake is a poem the like childs song, in the form of a question and behave. The first stanza of the poem is descriptive which makes it very easy to earn, while the second focuses on mouse spiritual matters and contains explanations and analogies. The poem connects religion with both the human and natural worlds, being associated with the rugged fields and valleys as well as livestock. The Lamb portrays three main themes childhood (innocents), human nature and spiritual truth. The Lamb begins with a child asking a little lamb a question.One must understand the innocents of the son when reading, because at first when reading angiotensin-converting enzyme could think that the boys question is naive. Especially when the child is talking to a lamb as if could understand him. But the child who nar rates this poem lay d knowledgely belongs to the world of innocence. The child is excited about everything around him. Which one can peace to chafeher when one reads Gave thee fit out of delight, Softest clothing woolly bright Gave thee such a tender voice, Making all the vales rejoice (5-8). The boy finds joy in natural creation. It does not matter that he is talking to a lamb.The childs question is of the Lambs origins. William Blake makes it clear about this question when the child says Little Lamb, who made thee / Dost thou know who made thee (1-2). Blake leaves no room for speculation in this poem. The question expands open the timeless questions that all human beings have about their own origins. The story of the lambs making is in all likelihood a distant illustration to the creation of the world talked about in the Book of Genesis in the Bible. After one takes the idea of human origin into account, it takes the childs somewhat naive question and makes it profound per say. Who made thee is a question that many have asked. The question, of course, has taken different forms and has been the subject of philosophy. Blake would answer that a creature could only exist because a creator has made them. In this poem, Blake leaves no other answer but that somebody made everything. This is a great analogy to the Jesus Christ of the New Testament. Blake agrees with the church, that the God of the universe and everything in it, and who gave one life, food, and clothing is the Lamb. Christ was called the Lamb many times in the New Testament, one example is in Revelation 58-13 Worthy is the Lamb who was slain . . Blessing and honor and glory and power Be to Him who sits on the throne, And to the Lamb, forever and ever (Rev. 58-13). One can now see the connection of the Lamb to Jesus Christ. The Lamb is also a prominent figure in the church, not only representing Jesus but Gods human children. One should also see the correlation of the Lamb, Jesus and the child. The child also says Jesus calls himself a lamb and how he came to earth as a child. The Boy points that out to the lamb on line 17 He became a child. Biblically Jesus who is part of the trinity of God, Jesus and the Holy Spirit, is sent as a part of God to be a child. In this poem as well, the Lamb becomes a child, to show purity and innocence from a child-like heart essentially the same as the innocence of Jesus. Blake makes the poem of The Lamb very descriptive and made a beautiful analogy of the lamb and Jesus Christ. Bake was able to connect region in a with humanity that made it very easy to understand. The Lamb is a great poem by William Blake with its themes of childhood (innocence), human nature and spiritual truth.A third poem is The Chimney Sweeper (Innocence), The speaker of this poem is a small boy who was sold into the chimney-sweeping business when his mother died. He recounts the story of a fellow chimney carpet sweeper, Tom Dacre, who cried when his hair was shaved to p revent varment and soot from infesting it. The Chimney Sweeper comprises six quatrains, each following the AABB create verbally scheme, with two rhyming couplets per quatrain. The first stanza introduces the speaker, a young boy who has been forced by circumstances into the hazardous occupation of chimney sweeper.The second stanza introduces Tom Dacre, a fellow chimney sweep who acts as a foil to the speaker. Tom is stressed about his lot in life, so the speaker comforts him until he falls asleep. The next three stanzas recount Tom Dacres somewhat apocalyptic hallucination of the chimney sweepers heaven. However, the final stanza finds Tom waking up the following morning, with him and the speaker still trapped in their dangerous line of work. There is a sense of touch of criticism here in Tom Dacres dream and in the boys subsequent actions, however.Blake decries the use of promised future happiness as a way of subduing the oppressed. The boys carry on with their terrible, proba bly fatal work because of their hope in a future where their circumstances will be set right. This same promise was often utilise by those in power to maintain the status quo so that workers and the weak would not unite to stand against the inhuman conditions forced upon them. As becomes more clear in Blakes Songs of Experience, the poet had little patience with palliative measures that did nothing to alter the present suffering of impoverished families.What on the surface appears to be a condescending clean-living to lazy boys is in fact a sharp criticism of a culture that would perpetuate the inhuman conditions of chimney sweeping on children. Tom Dacre (whose name may derive from Tom Dark, reflecting the sooty countenance of most chimney sweeps) is comforted by the promise of a future outside the coffin that is his lifes lot. Clearly, his present state is terrible and only made bearable by the two-edged hope of a happy afterlife following a alert death.Blake here critiques not just the deplorable conditions of the children sold into chimney sweeping, but also the society, and particularly its religious aspect, that would offer these children palliatives rather than aid. That the speaker and Tom Dacre get up from the vision to head back into their dangerous drudgery suggests that these children cannot help themselves, so it is left to responsible, sensitive adults to do something for them. The last poem is Chimney sweeper (Experience), When compared structurally to the companion piece from Songs of Innocence, it is obvious that this poem is half as long as its counterpart is.In addition, many lines are much shorter by one or two syllables. The voice of the young chimney sweeper is similar to that of Innocence, but he clearly has little time for the questions put to him (hence the shorter lines). This poem starts with the AABB poesy scheme characteristic of innocence and childhood, but as it delves deeper into the experience of the Chimney Sweeper, it swi tches to CDCD EFEF for the last two stanzas. The final stanza, in fact, has only a near rhyme between injury (line 10) and misery (line 12), suggesting an increasing breakdown in the chimney sweepers world, or the social order in general.The entire system, God included, colludes to build its own vision of paradise upon the labors of children who are unlikely to live to see adulthood. Blake castigates the government (the King) and religious leaders (Gods Priest) in similar port to his two Holy Thursday poems, decrying the use of otherwise innocent children to prop up the moral consciences of adults both rich and poor. The use of the phrase make up a Heaven carries the double meaning of creating a Heaven and lying about the existence of Heaven, casting even more disparagement in the nidus of the Priest and King.

Ms †Mahathir Foreign Policy Essay

Subsequence to the persistence, a resolution has been taken in the 38th session of the United Nations where the General-Secretary of United Nations must make a thorough make on Antarctica exhausts which included the distribution of natural resource which available and the Antarctica Treaty System. Malaysia was able to get a United Nations resolution to involve issue of distribution of Antarctic natural resources in the upcoming United Nations agenda in November 1984.However, Malaysia failed to obtain a resolution for the establishment of the United Nations committee to stand in the Antarctica Treaty system as there were strong protests from the countries of Antarctica Treat System which were United State of America and Russia. Malaysia assumes that the continent of Antarctica as important in the damage of its influence on Ecology and the surrounding realism and the worlds climate. For example, 90% of the worlds fresh water which consist in the tenor of ice and snow were availabl e in Antarctica.Besides, it also contains a potential supply of foodstuffs and raw materials such as iron minerals, coal, chromium, uranium, cobalt, nickel, copper, lead, zinc, gold, silver, platinum, oil and gas. Furthermore, there atomic number 18 also plants and animals that only consist in Antarctica and there argon some which are rare in new(prenominal) places. Based on these facts, Malaysia demands the continent in Antarctica to become common heritage for common benefits for the whole world.In December 1959, issues which involve the affairs of Antarctica was managed by the representatives of the countries which are the members of the Antarctica Treaty System. Then, Malaysia has a involve that the system only benefits the minor group of members of the Antarctica Treaty System. The system is not fair as the membership structure in the form of deuce levels (two-tier) be form the decision can only be made by 16 countries which are the former members of the treaty, though there are another 12 countries which are also the members of the treaty.These 12 countries are only allowed to conduct research without having the power to vote or making decision. This is against to the objectives of the former agreement in the Antarctica Treaty where Antarctica should be managed by international committee for the benefits of all mankind. Moreover, 160 countries were in the United Nations currently which most of them are composed of developing countries. Therefore, their rights and their views should be taken into needion by the international committee of Antarctica.The privilege in the management system based on the Antarctica was not been satisfied. The former member countries held several closed-door run across without the knowledge of the other members. These closed-door meeting was held in order to establish a mineral regime for the purpose of mining mineral substances in their area. With the advent of Sea-Bed Convention on the Law of the Sea and the suggestion of formation of International Sea-Bed Authority, the mineral regime which proposed by members of the Antarctic Treaty is extremely against to most other countries.Mineral regime is another attempt by the former members of the agreement to enhance their power in the opinion of Malaysia. Nevertheless, the activities of mining mineral substances can ca use massive destruction to the system ecology in Antarctica. The objectives of this policy are to share the minerals in Antarctica for the benefits of all human beings. Next, it is to preserve the ecology and environment of the world. Besides, Antarctica is use to encourage the impression of disarmament, denuclearisation and demilitarisationIt is hoped that the suggestions as well as Malaysias proposal to make Antarctica as the common heritage for the common benefit of the entire world will be take into the consideration of the organizations of the United Nations. THE CONCEPT OF ZONE OF PEACE, FREEDOM AND NEUTRALITY (ZOPFAN) IN SOUTHEAS T ASIA As the block that can be regarded as non-communist sou-east Asia, ASEAN in reality stick to neutrality. Malaysias proposal for the creation of zone of peace, freedom and neutrality or ZOPFAN was accepted as the ASEAN stance.The archetype and this policy was announced in Kuala Lumpur by our 4th prime minister who was Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad on the 27th November 1971. There are some important factors and events that occurred in Southeast Asia which thrust rise to the concept of the Zone of peace, granting immunity and Neutrality. These factors and events are the position of Southeast Asia is quite strategic to the great powers in the context of East-West political tensions political tempestuousness in Vietnam as well as the results of withdrawal of British troops from Southeast Asia and the United States from Vietnam in the early 70s.These developments had created anxiety among the ASEAN countries, as it may affect regional stability. Next, the wars in Korea and Vietnam ASEA N convinced that intervention and support military superpowers conflict smaller countries of Southeast Asia are often threatened the stability of this region. Furthermore, at the clock there was a spirit of regionalisma which created ASEAN regional economic cooperation that can be used as a catalyst to achieve ZOPFAN.The objective of Zone of peace, Freedom and Neutrality is to make Southeast Asia a region of peace, freedom and neutrality of political bickering major powers particularly the United States, Russia and Peoples nation of China. Among the key strategies that have been formulated and implemented to achieve these objectives are by getting the great powers approval, recognition and guarantee about the objective and efforts to realise the concept. Next, it is to lead foreign military troops from Southeast Asia in the long run.Moreover, it makes Southeast Asia as a region free of nuclear weapon. In conclusion, the willingness of great powers to endorse and guarantee Zone of Peace, Freedom and Neutrality is essential for the creation of ZOPFAN. In addition, support from all members of the ASEAN countries is also needed. However, ASEANs determination to continue to pursue the concept ZOPFAN is reflected by the ASEANs efforts to finda political solution in Cambodia based on the resolution of the United nations Organisation and the declaration of Internatonal Conference on Kampuchea 1981.

Challenging depression: The go-to guide for clinicians and patients Essay

Dealing with depressionIntroduction As a result of high rate of depression in the community, researchers wanted to envision out how this depression can be reduced. To start it up he described depression as a resultant effect of physical stress. umteen suggestions to deal with this subject were put forward thus making the researcher to come up with a hypothesis claiming that there will either be reduced rates of depression if low-spirited victims are subjected to physical exercises or there will be no effect. Before coming up with supra hypothesis it was noted that mostly depression affects you if you are idle or if small things build up in your mind for a long time. The principal(prenominal) objective of research was to find out if physical exercise can overcome depression in away. To full fill this, a group of depress victims were to be exposed to physical exercise. To know whether their rate of depression is reducing, their behaviours were compared to non depressed individuals . To make his research successful, victims were required to fill in forms which reflected the level of activity and overly to fill rating scales on thoughts feeling and moods. It was noted that one common behaviour different between the depressed and non depressed is the rate at which they smoked. more or less none depressed though smokers did not smoke at high rates as opposed to the depressed. It was further noted that as physical knowledge went on, the rate at which the depressed individuals smoked reduced. Scientifically it is true that when a person subjected to physical exercise, endorphins and morphine chemicals are released in the body. Both chemicals trigger a good feeling in the body thus reducing depression (Zetin, M., Hoepner, C. T., & Kurth, 2010). From above findings it was concluded that one of the cheapest ways to reduce depression is to subject depressed individuals to physical exercise. The researchers hypothesis that is physical exercise reduces depression that was tested against physical exercise can not reduce stress was accepted.ReferencesZetin, M., Hoepner, C. T., & Kurth, J. (2010). Challenging depression The go-to organise for clinicians and patients. New York W. W. Norton & CompanySource document

Background The 1930’s In The USA Essay

In the 1920s/1930s a lot of Americans got the idea that investing in sh bes was a safe way of making money, but m some(prenominal) didnt know the risks that could occur when buying sh ares, and on the 4 October 1929 America suffered from the bulwark highroad Crash. This meant that billions of dollars were lost collectible to the stock markets crashing and the prices of shares dramatically falling, the Wall Street Crash left countless numbers of American citizens with no life savings and on the edge of bankruptcy. It also caused many companies and businesses to go bust or close down, and consequently left many workers un sedulous and broke. This mass of unemployment resulted in many nation moving from the spoilt cities out to the countryside to find work on farms as gypsy workers.These itinerant workers were most often men who were sacked due to the Wall Street crash, and a lot of the period found themselves alone and lonely. Itinerant workers had to keep moving from farm to fa rm and at that placefore could never make any long time friends, many had no home to go back to or even any family to contact. The farms conditions were very poor and there was a big health and safety risk due to the large and dangerous machinery used daily by the workers, the average number of deaths on farms in America per division was around 25,000.But this high number of deaths didnt stop the Itinerant workers from working, as they had no otherwise way of getting money and had no other choice. The itinerant workers were made to live in poor condition bunkhouses with a group of other workers, the workers had their food prepared by a cook that the political boss would hire, but of course this was not free and came out of their already small wages. The workers were made to work during the day but also found themselves with spare time where they would play games or go into town.During this time in the1930s when money was short for everyone, farmers found themselves in the positi on where either they could save money and track back on something or simply go bust. So a lot of the farmers left their soil without any fertilizer, but continued to grow crops on the fields, this destroyed and dried out the soil leaving it near worthless to them. The farmers also cut down field barriers so bigger more competent machinery could be used, but this also helped to destroy and dry out the top part of the soil and also left it vulnerable to strong winds.These farming techniques particularly effected the south-west of the USA as they had seasonal bad weather which usually posed a problem but what they didnt know was there was going to be exception bad weather. And due to the weather and poor farming methods, the fast and strong winds which the bad weather brought were able to race crossways fields upon fields and whip up the dry top soil creating big clouds of dust. This ecological disaster was named the Dustbowl and it whipped up dust that landed in other states to wh ere it originated from, and left farms and homes under dust which left many people no choice than to just pack up anything they could and leave.A lot of these itinerant workers migrated to California which is known as the golden state where dreams come true and is also the home of Hollywood the dream factory but mainly because it was away(predicate) from the dust bowl and the because the farms in California were known for having rich fertile land. This fertile land and unharmed farms, not only created a big drawing card for people looking for work, but also created an attraction to farmers wanting to start again and own a farm. Although the itinerant workers moved out to California due to the large amount of farms there, many still had no job and the workers still found themselves moving from one farm to another as the bosses only employed most workers for short periods.The Author John Steinbeck, was born in Salinas, California, and is one of the USAs greatest writers, he is known for writing the book Of Mice And work force which we are studying, and has also written books such as The Pearl and Cannery Row. We have found that a lot of the ideas in the story Of Mice And Men are from events which were past experiences in his own life. We know this as John Steinbeck has worked on farms himself as an itinerant worker and therefore has an idea of the loneliness and the continuous attempt for friendship and somewhere to settle down that all itinerant workers had.This dream that all itinerant worker had of settling down is shown in the book by all the worker but especially George and Lennie for they have a dream of owning a place of their own. John Steinbeck also got ideas for the book from past events such as when he saw a large man kill a pet rabbit and when he saw one of his bosses killed by a grim man. He writes about the migrants to California and how the itinerant workers are needy and desperate and will work for a small wage. In a way the characters of Geo rge and Lennie are microcosms of what was happening to the USA in the 1930s, as they suffered from the Wall street crash and are itinerant work that have migrated to California.John Steinbecks title Of mice And Men is interpreted from a poem written by an 18th century Scottish poet, and the novel was first published in 1936 and followed shortly after by the arrange play.

Piece inspired by ‘Of Mice and Men’ Essay

The sun was blazing down on the yard outside the barn. The group of men were acting a horse shoe tournament. Lennie was still sitting down on a barrel, watching the other guys play. In the distance he saw a man walking towards them with a trail of dust bellowing from his feet. It was Curly. Everyone went silent as he swaggered up to Slim. Av, you seen my wife No, shes probably bunking up with the jigaboo muttered Carlson. Everyone began to chuckle, Lennie didnt hear what Carlson had said but he started to laugh so he wouldnt stand out.He laughed so loud that in the break off he did stand out. Curly stormed over to him, he had a menacing look on his face. Lennie stopped express emotion immediately and began to hide his face. What the hell you laughing at? Curly asks as he looks down on Lennie. Nu.. Nu.. Nothing Stuttered Lennie. Everyone fell silent as Curly started to crack his knuckles in a fighting fashion. Come on, you big bastard. Get up on your feet. No big son-of-a-bitch is gonna laugh at me. Ill show you whos yellow. Curly yanks Lennie up on his feet and starts pummelling into his stomach and face. As Lennie is taking this beating he looks up and looks into Georges eyes. Everything starts slowing down in Lennies brain and all he can buoy hear is Georges voice repeating Get him Lennie. Dont let him do it Slim rushes to George and says The dirty little rat. Ill get him myself. restrain a minute. Get him Lennie George shouts. consequently the tables turn. Lennie grabs Curly by the shirt and lifts him high above the ground.Lennie is a blur and begins to bear hug Curly. Curly is totally refrained from doing anything to Lennie. Then all the men hear groaning noises coming from Curly. A loud yell cry comes from the mouth of Curly as the men hear his back breaking. separately spinal column crunching into each other. Everyone realises that its time to get Lennie off of Curly before he kills him. Let go of him Lennie. Let go George screams as he jum ps onto Lennies arms. Let go of him Lennie.Let go. Slim, come and help me while the guy got no back left. As the men prize Lennie turned he is still in a blur, he suddenly just drops Curly and runs onto a haystack crying. You told me to George I know I did Lennie, I know I did,George whispers to Lennie as he sits and comforts him. Slim walks over to Curly who was lying on the floor having lots of short spasms in his back. Looks akin every bone in his back is bust Slim says as he analysed Curlys injury.

Is Gold a Safe Investment in the Current Economic Situation

Is funds a guard investment in the current economic situation? Global quest for flamboyant has been on the coat and with good reason- the price of the precious metal has been consistently breaking new eminents even though markets end-to-end the world proceed weak (Lee, 2011). In the last decade alone, funds has achieved a 500% plus in rank and more relevantly, it has soared from $1400 (an ounce) in January this year to a peak of $1920 (Prial, 2011). Thiru (2011) of Lloyd TSB, determined that gold has provided the outflank returns for investors in 2011 (as cited in Lee, 2011).However, distinguished private banks and investors remain cynical of golds invariable come on and feed even deemed the asset as the ultimate bubble that will eventually burst (Soros, 2010 as cited in Conway, 2010). Despite the warnings of George Soros and Wells Fargo, the yellow metal continues to sustain its steady run and is, according to westmost (2011), looking stronger now than it has ever bee n in the last decade. This study aims to investigate the justifications behind golds rising nurture and will also consider the relevant refutations that discredit the commoditys pencil eraser haven status.The recent appreciation in gold prices can be substantiated on a commodious array of merits, disapproving the claims that the commodity is artificially overvalued. Firstly, as affirmed by Spall (2008), gold retains its value even during inflation and consequently, has become a popular avenue for wealth investment in periods of extensive uncertainty. Early signs of global economic instability induced the European Central bank to heavily fortify its gold position more than 2 years ago (Prial, 2011).And while the Euro zone truly faces a deepened fiscal crisis, gold is becoming even more attractive still. Because most economies throughout the world remain weak, currencies such as the Swiss Franc, dollar bill assets such as US treasury bills and other investments that were erstw hile considered secure, have lost the confidence and backing of investors. Alternatively, people look to gold as a stronger and safer investment. ironically enough, economies that do manage positive growth, such as mainland China and India, have also been witnessing rising demand for the yellow metal.In the case of India, this comes in the form of consumer goods such as jewelry. The Peoples Bank of China has one of the lowest rates of gold reserves but is planning to double its issuance of gold bullion Chinese coins in the near future (Holmes, 2011). In the past the gold standard was utilise as a basis for exchange, but inefficiencies in substantiating the system saw the link surrounded by the US dollar and gold removed. Nonetheless, the value of gold still retains a strong correlation to the value of the dollar (Hajjar, 2011).With the Federal Reserves freedom to print money, the value of the dollar in circulation has reached trillions. Contrastingly, levels of gold production hav e remained moderately constant throughout time. The imbalance in the value of USDs versus the value of gold reserves, gives the commodity augmented capacity for further price increases. The soaring gold prices can also be explained by the unconventionally large amounts of quantitative easing that has taken place in recent years. such a policy causes inflation and uncertainty, which in turn makes gold more popular.In late September, Ben Bernanke declared effect Twist -which would cease additional printing of money. Commodity markets responded poorly to the announcement, with gold devaluing by nearly 9% in just two days (Prial, 2011). Although gold prices eventually sustained in value and proceeded with its run, the commoditys sharp plummet after a single policy revision creates doubt in the safety of gold investments. It also introduces the possibility that golds upward trend has been the result of precarious commodity speculation.Nevertheless, by acknowledging the current level o f economic instability, lack in investment alternatives and unstable dollar value, the present high price of gold can be easily accepted. An educated guess would have me value the yellow metal at a stable $1700 an ounce by the end of this year. As long as market volatility persists, gold will be able to keep its high prices afloat and retain its position as a safe investment. If the commodity truly is in a bubble, then it is likely to burst- in a convincingly upward manner.

Haefren-Baum Case

Name of the business Haefren Baum GmgH Nature of the business Haefren Baum is a retailer of high gauge home piece of furniture located in Cologne, Germany. They have also added common chord breaklet stores in Rhineland, a nearby suburban ara. Marketing Analysis Haefren retails high quality furniture manufactured by Wiegandt has publicise aggressively in fellowship to build and maintain a strong brand image. Haefren wellbeinged tremendously from the thriving marketing provided by Wiegandt. Wiegandt has However, because the nature of the product is high-end and durable, sales ar subject to fluctuations of the business cycle.During the economic sail through leading up to 1993 Haefren, as well as the industry in general, enjoyed strong sales. However, the economic stop in 1993 has slowed sales growth. Decreased consumer confidence caused industry sales growth to decrease from 42. 9% in 1992 to 9% in 1993. Haefren experienced negative sales growth during this boundary. Haefr en has a strong competitive attitude however, it is quickly deteriorating. The addition of 3 outlets give Haefren an opportunity to capture a wider market than it currently has. However, clean competitors entering the market are all competing for stagnant demand.European retailers are also entering the German furniture market which makes it even harder for Haefren to maintain its competitive advantage. Operations Analysis Haefren obtains its merc submitise directly from the manufacturer, Weigandt. Weigandt has provided fairly unaffixed credit monetary value which include a discount for early payment (2% 10, net 30). However, they have jeopardized their retrogress credit terms because of inefficiencies with their receivables, inventories, and fixed assets. A major issue that Haefren needs to address is the delinquency of their customers accounts.From 1993 to 1995, days sales outstanding have increased to 77 days, which is dramatically higher than the 30-day monthly installment terms. This hold back in collection is creating cash flow problems for Haefren. It is causing them to fall behind on their payments to Weigandt and miss out on significant savings from the early payment discount. The increase in its collection period was pass judgment in 1993 callable to the worsening economy. However, the economy is now improving and Haefrens collection period is still increasing. This signals to inefficiencies within the companys collection department.Perhaps, they should even consider increasing the pass payment ask to establish credit. The sluggish sales in the furniture industry can account for the increase in broth days. Haefren inventory in 1994-1995 stayed on the floor for around 129 days before it was sold. The hankerer period that they are holding inventory is increasing their cost of goods sold. Not only are they holding inventory for a longer period of time, but they are also underutilizing their fixed assets. Fixed asset overthrow decreased for Haefren from 1993-1994. They constructed three new outlet stores which should have helped them with sales.However, due to the sluggish demand, these new fixed assets are not recalling the sales they were supposed to. Haefren needs to consider whether these outlets are worth the investments. They could potentially benefit from sending inventory from their retail store to the outlet sooner. Even if they have to sell it at a discount, if they do not lose money on it, the lower revenue would be more beneficial. It appears that Haefren baron be experiencing problems with human resources as well. They carry a debt account for notes payables for employees.This account reflects loans that have been made from the employees, or their relatives, to the company. Why are they borrowing from employees? This could potentially come from accrued wages, which would be an even greater issue. pecuniary Analysis Haefrens funding has come from bank loans and utilizing credit from its vendors. Funding needs increased due to the addition of 3 new outlet stores. These outlet stores have increased Haefrens debt over the three years in questions. Along with this new debt, two of the original partners sold their shares to the other two partners.It seems standardised there are too many changes divergence on at Haefren all at once. In regards to cash flows, Haefren is performing poorly. Cash flows from operations are unhealthy and the total cash on hand has declined over the three years in question. Total cash flow from operations is positive, however, they appear to be driven by depreciation. Their negative net income (net loss), is not driving operations cash flow in a positive direction. They are also carrying a great deal of inventory which is consuming their cash. In order for them to drive up net income they need to find a way to decrease their inventories.Accounts receivables are also impacting cash flows in a negative way. A/R have increased each year, which can be attributed to the weak economy. This drag in A/R is causing them to receive cash-in after(prenominal) cash goes out. Their cash flow problems are evident when analyzing their account payable days. Wiegdant has given them competitive terms (2% 10, net 30), however, Haefren cannot meet those terms. Their account payable days have increased to 66 days. It is taking them double as long to repay their current liabilities. All of these cash flow problems are having a negative impact on their liquidity.Their quick ratio is increasing from year to year, but it is being driven by inventories. Their Current ratio also appears to be ok however, it is being driven by accounts receivables. Although they appear to going in the right direction, it is not a good sign for Haefren. Inventories and receivables are also driving down operating margin. The positive cash flow from investments reflects the addition of the three new outlets. Investing in long term assets is a good thing. Ideally, the addition of the se assets (outlets) should have led to higher revenues for Haefren. However, they invested in those assets at the defile time.Their sales growth (revenues) cannot support the addition of the outlets. Weak sales led to a negative return on equity and the addition of the three outlets led to a negative net profit margin. The amour being paid on the current debt in 1995 was 3. 08% of their net sales. Haefren cannot handle any more debt without archetypal making significant changes to their operations. Summary A weak economy has led to Haefren poor financial conditions. They grow at the wrong time, right when the economy went sour. They also need to handle their inventories and accounts receivable in order to avoid further cash flow problems.

How to Solve Youth Unemployment Essay

One in five young adults in Britain is unemployed, more than twice the rate for the custody as a whole. And (temporarily, I hope) I am genius of them. Yet I am persuade in that respect has never been a better time to be young. The world is bursting with opportunity every day, virgin inventions answer questions we had never thought to ask.Its time to tackle youth unemployment in that spirit as Einstein said, we dismisst solve problems by using the same kind of thinking we employ when we created them. Generation Y should stop asking why me? and start asking why not?First, we mustiness adopt the right mindset positive in out aspect and global in ambition. For optimism stems, not from denying convince, simply from recognizing the possibilities it presents. The job-for-life has gone but so has the tedium of c atomic number 18er monogamy. International competition has intensified but to a fault opened up new opportunities abroad.Woolworths, Borders and Comet wont be hiring agai n but if Amazon brought them exhaust, at the same time it is enabling sole traders and aspiring authors to reach a wider audience than ever before.So lets forget misplaced nostalgia and address the heart of the problem. Youth unemployment has been rising for a decade the financial crisis cant take every(prenominal) the blame, but it can teach us to contend favorable assumptions. grooming is getting better but by indiscriminately awarding top grades, arent exam boards average aping credit ratings agencies?Everyone must go to university but since housing crashed when supply exceeded demand, are we surprised the same happened with graduates? analyze is always a costly investment yet if excessive leverage can bring down banks and even governments, should students continue amassing record debts with only wishful thinking as collateral?Education emend should be a priority. At university level, online courses potentially enable students to better align their programme with the ir interests and circumstances. They provide get competition to established institutions lets support them. A DIY approach to study is both more and more possible and often necessary indeed, many of the best coders are self-taught. We should sponsor entrepreneurship as PayPal co-founder, Peter Thiel, has through with(p) with his 20 Under 20 initiative, encouraging smart youngsters to believe in themselves and not to fear failure. And we should empty the snobbery real-world experience such as travel or volunteering can yield greater benefits than the narrow, plastered and costly undergraduate degree to which we mistakenly still attach totemic significance.The school curriculum, too, needs to cover courses with real business value to service school leavers find work. It is hardly dumbing down if it engages pupils and better equips them for adulthood. Employers subscribe a far greater role to play. They now expect to train and re-train people continuously there were no Android developers 10 years ago so why not start junior? Instead of complaining that new hires arrive ill-prepared, companies should connect with them earlier by providing mentors and apprenticeships, building on the creation of the talent incubator. It will improve their business and give young people a palpate of responsibility and purpose not to mention more routes into the workplace.Third, lets encourage mentoring more widely. A few years ago I worked with a Princes Trust pilot programme which stationed mentors in some of the countrys most deprived areas. We reached out to young people who often had no one else to help them write a CV, apply for training or prepare for an interview. I truism how reassurance and motivation can do wonders for their mindset and morale, and hence their employability. Companies, community groups, Service veterans, and individual volunteers (thats you and me) should all get involved. For underprivileged youngsters in particular, a good mentor represent s both an anchor and a sail.Fourth, we should concentre our energies where the problem is most acute, in the communities where the rising tide that typically lifts all boats merely hides the wrecks. No one is more desperate than children of workless families without psyche to look up to, their odds of finding gainful employment are far worse than four-in-five. Where we can reform the benefits system to further incentivize work, where we can more constructively help people re-train, we should do so but it requires human input too. We who have been fortunate good job, good education, loving family should return the favour. It is not enough to say, I pay my taxes.Civic society cannot flourish on gold alone it needs love. An introduction, a reference, a receptive ear it neednt take ofttimes to give someone a leg up in life. It has become contentious to say, we are in it together. But we are certainly stronger together.Finally, we should remove barriers to job creation. Employers N ational Insurance increases the cost of employing someone if we want to boost employment, there mustbe smarter ways to raise revenue than by taxing jobs. We should also look again at well-intentioned labour laws that protect incumbent workers but often hinder businesses from responding to change and hiring new talent. It is not clear that this makes staff any safer not at General Motors, Hostess Brands or Scandinavian Airlines but it does help to explain why joblessness remains highest among the young.Youth unemployment has deep roots. Combating it requires us to challenge conventional wisdom by removing, where possible, disincentives to hire and to work by reforming schools and universities by ramping up apprenticeships and mentoring. Teachers and parents, business leadership and policy makers all have a crucial part to play. It will not be easy the march of progress creative destruction, in Schumpeters phrase is not without its casualties. Yet creativity is what we youngster s do best. Our fresh, radical and positive minds must seize the initiative, continually re-imagining the future amid the whirlwind of the present. We need leaders. Theres a job for the young, right away.

Stop and Press

Now 20 old age later I discovered a new liveliness form on this planet. This news could be either scary or remarkable for some. Planet Neo is 200 miles away from earth and three hundred miles away further from the sun than the earth. Neo evolved over the past twenty years and conditions became much more comfortable to support purport. A water system metro was discovered and it is here in this underground system life has been discovered. The condition beneath the surface of Planet Neo proved very favorable for life subjected to some harsh climate change.The underground water system has similar conditions to a hydrothermal electric receptacle on earth. The discovery of hydrothermal vents on earth has presented us with a possible explanation for the origin of life. On Planet Neo the conditions were the new life form was found was similar to the hydrothermal vent conditions on earth. The life form that was discovered was c bothed Octillion looks somewhat like a squid. Octopus has a very hard diverse outer skeleton on its entire body. It has eight fat tentacles also layered with this skeleton.This creature has all the characteristics of alert things. The seven characteristics of living things be 1 . Movement 2. Reproduction 3. Sensitivity 4. Nutrition 5. elimination 6. Respiration 7. Growth Octillion has each of the above characteristics that I leave behind further explain in wisdom Movement- Octillion was recognized by its movement in the underground water system. Scientists created a camera that was able to survive harsh temperatures, pressures and atmospheric changes this camera was able to enter the underground water system, the scientists controls were the camera goes.I remember the basic time he saw Octillion it was between two Jagged rocks, remembered vividly the camera scaring the creature from picture footage and Octillion stimulus was to swim away very quickly and spew out purple slime from pores, on its back. Sensitivity Octopus has very hard outer Skeleton that Is completely resistance to heat, there are little pore openings In Its back that open and close allowing It to moderate Its environment.This purple slime is non dangerous, sample shows it is a mixture of the same chemical found in a moss like facial expression substance on the wall of the rocks and seafloor which I called it purple because it is purple in color. Nutrition Octillion as I said before spew out a purple slime whose chemical components is similar to that of a moss tone substance found on the stones and seafloor called purple. It as concluded that Octillion feeds on the purple from video footage once more that gives it nutrition which causes it to respire allowing it to survive in the harsh underground water system.Excretion the form in which Octillion got absolve of waste was it settles in a corner goes into the hard skeleton structure and little bubbles fill with a naive liquid comes out the pores, I believe that Octillion excretes build up food from purple and it is transparent because it uses the chemicals from the purple to spew the colorful purple slime for stimulus and it then excrete the cytoplasm looking bubble. Reproduction the bubbles that are seen during the excretion process accounts for reproduction.It is this cytoplasm looking bubbles that carry a form of deoxyribonucleic acid from the Octillion allowing it to reproduce. All these data can be accounted for because test and experiments where perform and from these experiments it was concluded that the bubbles is somewhat of a exclusive cell organism, but not all survive due to the harsh conditions. Reproduction process will be able to occur under the same Temperature and pressure in which Octillion was born and discovered. Respiration seemingly in order for Octillion to stay alive it respires, cause it feed on the purple.Growth I have been track Octillion for the past six months and it has grown approximately twelve centimeters longer from the fi rst time it was discovered. So this is evidences that Octillion grows. On Earth these seven characteristics is use to tell if something is alive. Octillion exhibits all characteristics which is so amazing. Charles Darwin if alive today would have been so involved in these findings. Charles Darwin, the British lifelikeist, came up with the theory of evolution in 1859 he changed our idea of how life on earth developed.Darwin argued that all organisms evolve, or change, very slowly over time. These changes are adaptations that allow a species to survive in its environment. These adaptations happen by chance. If a species doesnt adapt, it may become extinct. He called this process natural selection but it is often called the survival of the fittest. It can be seen that Octillion has adapted to the conditions on Planet Neo, and with that adaptation there is room for evolution. If Octillion could survive on the harsh conditions of Planet Neo, who are we to say that there isnt whatsoeve r other forms of life on lane Neo.I am on the quest to discover more living entities on Planet Neo thanks to the advances of technology in todays world. The fabric of the universe is waiting on scientist like me to extract the underlying knowledge. This discovery has made history in the life of humans unsloped imagine life forms on other planets This gives rise to a lot of speculation be it remainder or amazement. Some people are accepting of this discovery, stating this means that there are more avenues to look for the great beyond, others on the other hand are fearful of this discovery.

Nevada History

Since ages I cast off been heavily stood and testify several(prenominal) phases of history and behave witnessed numerous mysterious and strange phases that are console unrevealed. I am huge, graceful and well known difference masses. My homeland is Nevada, which is a state of USA and is set in its West. Its surrounded by California, Ogre, Idaho, Utah and Arizona. Though it is larger than these states but has lesser population. But, it has ever been a point of attraction for the visitors because of the beautiful places like me, the great Battle Mountain. Nevada is a Spanish give voice which means snow clad. Much about primeval Nevada remains vague but at that place is sign of human commotion in the eye socket for at least 12,000 old age.Almost 30 thousand geezerhood ago, Nevada was passing with the Ice Age along with the rest of the west. This was the time when I used to be covered with ice and my valleys were full of glaciers. Gradually, with the melting of ice in the course of centuries the mountains crept further away. (Elliot 1987)Anasazis 8000-18000 B.C.I unploughed watching when all of this water reserved the share that is now a desert enclosed with wide plantation. In this initial metamorphous menstruation some famous ice age animals came into being much(prenominal) as musk ox, caribou and the mammoth. With the constant melting of ice the temperature began to rise and mammals moved northwards in wait of new meadows.The title of scratch Nevadans went to Anasazi means The Ancient Ones. None of their remains like bones etc have been discover yet except a few animal art works.The archeologists and geologists have hypothesized that these ancient hatful might have lived during 8000 to 18000 B. C. (Elliot, 1987).The hoop Makers 1500 B. C.The next Nevadan civilization is referred to as The Basket Makers in the history, as the finely made baskets are the only evidence of them instead of any pots or artwork. Use of spears, sticks and dar ts is ostensible but no arrows and bows. They existed near 1500B. C.Several hundreds years later the first white peck came round with the bows and arrows. In the same time in south the basket makers started to cultivate maize and Indian corn and they alike began to use the arrows and bows.Sometime later they learnt to make pottery and with these continued facilities they gradually proceeded towards civilization. Their homes were dug outs or pits. (Rusco 1975)The upset City after(prenominal) another episode of five hundred years the Pueblo Indians arrived at Moapa valley region, from Yankee Arizona. They brought not only the better residential techniques but also started the agriculture of squashes, cotton and beans.The Pueblo mix with the Basket Makers, but its unrevealed that whether any of them was a captor or it was a peaceable join. The net burden was, however the formation of Pueblo Grande de Nevada or the renowned Lost City. At its climax, the Lost City increase f or several miles.It comprised agricultural fields and human settlements scattered all over the valley. It included farm lands, far downcast dwellings and villages scattered through the valley for miles. (Rusco 1975)The first Whiteman As, I trace back my memory Nevada was the break down region of the coterminous United States to be discovered. The history of Nevada took a turn when the first Whiteman, though, not American reached thither in 1776. He was Fray Fransico Garces and a swift development started taking place. (Glass 1981)During the same year, Franciscan missionaries whitethorn have got into the farthest southern part whilst in inquisition of a route to join the Spanish towns of New Mexico with settlements of California. Further adventure was commenced after fifty years, by British and American fur merchants and trappers. The undismayed bargainer Peter Skene Ogden, who belonged to Hudsons Bay Company, went across the present northern boundary of the state in the pose of 1820.Ogden discovered the Humboldt River in 1828 during his second exploring trip. Approximately at the same time, in 1826, the American traveller and trader Jedediah Smith came into southern Nevada on a march to California. In 1827 he went across Sierra, innovative by way of mid Nevada, and came back to the Great Salt Lake region. Jeddediah Smith is known as the first American in the region.A group of trappers, under the command of Joseph Walker traveled to California in 1833, through Humboldt and Carson rivers. by and by a decade he directed explorers over almost the similar path, setting up a good element of the track used by primitive tourists on their way to California. After the discovery of capital in California in 1848, several explorers went across Nevada on their direction to the peace-loving Coast. In the interim, as a consequence of his scientific journeys during 1843and1844 and 1845and1846, John Charles Fremont accomplished a geographic perceptive of the area.Af ter probe through the barren extensions of Nevada for the legendary River Buenaventura, which was supposed to flow towards west to the Pacific Ocean, Fremont assumed that this was an area of immanent drainage, and he declared Nevada to be section of his well known Great Basin.(Stewart 1983)I also evidenced the period of territorial days and early statehood. The region from which Nevada was shaped was obtained from Mexico by the Agreement of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848. I still remember the days, it was 1849 when in Carson valley, and the first European American settlement was established which was later named as Genoa. Nevada became a section of Utah in 1850 when Utah and new California were recognized as territories. In 1859 silver was discovered in Comstock Lode, which followed a great influx of people to Nevada. Then it was declared as a single out territory in 1861.After almost three years when President Lincoln looked for the hold up of an antislavery state, Nevada false to statehood. It was October 31, 1864, which is celebrated as Nevadas birthday every year. In the initial years of statehood dig be to be as a vital economic factor. Cultivators and ranchers engaged the majority available horticulture lands. The exploit growth began to diminish in l873. It was the time when silvers prices started to fall because of being demonetized. further overtiredness of the mines was a causal issue. Consequently the states population was reduced by almost 1/3 by the beginning of 1900. (Elliot 1987)Up till now Nevada has undergone remarkable revolutions and now it does hit a richly designate in US tourism. More than 50 million tourists visit Nevada every year producing an atrocious amount of money of $ 40 billion for the tourism returns. (Nevada Features Stories 2005)Centuries are passing one after the other and me The Battle Mountain is still stood here to record the unknown further advancement of civilization in my homeland, Nevada.ReferencesElliot, Russ el R. (1987). tale of Nevada. second ed. University of Neb. Press.Glass, Mary E. (1981). Nevadas Turbulent Fifties Decade of Political and Economic Change.University of Nev. Press.Nevada Features Stories. Retrieved April 3, 2008, fromRusco, Elmer R. (1975). Good Time orgasm? disgraceful Nevadans in the Nineteenth Century.Greenwood Press.Stewart, George R. (1983). The California Trail. University of Neb. Press.Nevada HistoryNevada History Up To 1900Since ages I have been securely stood and evidenced several phases of history and have witnessed numerous mysterious and strange phases that are still unrevealed. I am huge, graceful and well known Battle Mountain. My homeland is Nevada, which is a state of USA and is set in its West. Its surrounded by California, Ogre, Idaho, Utah and Arizona. Though it is larger than these states but has lesser population. But, it has ever been a point of attraction for the visitors because of the beautiful places like me, the great Battle Mountain . Nevada is a Spanish rallying cry which means snow clad. Much about primeval Nevada remains vague but thither is sign of human commotion in the area for at least 12,000 years.Almost 30 thousand years ago, Nevada was passing through the Ice Age along with the rest of the west. This was the time when I used to be covered with ice and my valleys were full of glaciers. Gradually, with the melting of ice in the course of centuries the mountains crept further away. (Elliot 1987)Anasazis 8000-18000 B.C.I kept watching when all of this water reserved the region that is now a desert enclosed with abounding plantation. In this initial metamorphous period some famous ice age animals came into being much(prenominal) as musk ox, caribou and the mammoth. With the constant melting of ice the temperature began to rise and mammals moved northwards in search of new meadows.The title of first Nevadans went to Anasazi means The Ancient Ones. None of their remains like bones etc have been discovered yet except a few animal art works.The archeologists and geologists have hypothesized that these ancient people might have lived during 8000 to 18000 B. C. (Elliot, 1987).The Basket Makers 1500 B. C.The next Nevadan civilization is referred to as The Basket Makers in the history, as the finely made baskets are the only evidence of them instead of any pots or artwork. Use of spears, sticks and darts is lucid but no arrows and bows. They existed near 1500B. C.Several hundreds years later the first white people came around with the bows and arrows. In the same time in south the basket makers started to cultivate maize and Indian corn and they also began to use the arrows and bows.Sometime later they learnt to make pottery and with these continued facilities they gradually proceeded towards civilization. Their homes were dug outs or pits. (Rusco 1975)The Lost CityAfter another episode of five hundred years the Pueblo Indians arrived at Moapa Valley region, from northern Arizona. They b rought not only the better residential techniques but also started the agriculture of squashes, cotton and beans.The Pueblo blended with the Basket Makers, but its unrevealed that whether any of them was a captor or it was a peaceable join. The ultimate outcome was, however the formation of Pueblo Grande de Nevada or the renowned Lost City. At its climax, the Lost City extended for several miles.It comprised agricultural fields and human settlements scattered all over the valley. It included farm lands, outlying small dwellings and villages scattered through the valley for miles. (Rusco 1975)The first Whiteman As, I trace back my memory Nevada was the last region of the coterminous United States to be discovered. The history of Nevada took a turn when the first Whiteman, though, not American reached there in 1776. He was Fray Fransico Garces and a swift development started taking place. (Glass 1981)During the same year, Franciscan missionaries may have got into the farthest southern part whilst in search of a route to join the Spanish towns of New Mexico with settlements of California. Further adventure was commenced after fifty years, by British and American fur merchants and trappers. The courageous trader Peter Skene Ogden, who belonged to Hudsons Bay Company, went across the present northern boundary of the state in the middle of 1820. Ogden discovered the Humboldt River in 1828 during his second exploring trip. Approximately at the same time, in 1826, the American traveler and trader Jedediah Smith came into southern Nevada on a march to California. In 1827 he went across Sierra, advanced by way of mid Nevada, and came back to the Great Salt Lake region. Jeddediah Smith is known as the first American in the region.A group of trappers, under the command of Joseph Walker traveled to California in 1833, through Humboldt and Carson rivers. After a decade he directed explorers over almost the similar path, setting up a good element of the track used by primiti ve tourists on their way to California.After the discovery of gold in California in 1848, several explorers went across Nevada on their direction to the Pacific Coast. In the interim, as a consequence of his scientific journeys during 1843and1844 and 1845and1846, John Charles Fremont accomplished a geographic perceptive of the area. After probing through the barren extensions of Nevada for the legendary River Buenaventura, which was supposed to flow towards west to the Pacific Ocean, Fremont assumed that this was an area of internal drainage, and he declared Nevada to be section of his well known Great Basin.(Stewart 1983)I also evidenced the period of territorial days and early statehood. The region from which Nevada was shaped was obtained from Mexico by the Agreement of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848. I still remember the days, it was 1849 when in Carson valley, and the first European American settlement was established which was later named as Genoa. Nevada became a section of Utah i n 1850 when Utah and new California were recognized as territories.In 1859 silver was discovered in Comstock Lode, which followed a great influx of people to Nevada. Then it was declared as a separate territory in 1861. After almost three years when President Lincoln looked for the support of an antislavery state, Nevada turned to statehood. It was October 31, 1864, which is celebrated as Nevadas birthday every year. In the initial years of statehood mining proved to be as a vital economic factor. Cultivators and ranchers engaged the majority available farming lands. The mining growth began to diminish in l873. It was the time when silvers prices started to fall because of being demonetized. However overtiredness of the mines was a causal issue. Consequently the states population was reduced by almost 1/3 by the beginning of 1900. (Elliot 1987)Up till now Nevada has undergone remarkable revolutions and now it does hit a high target in US tourism. More than 50 million tourists visit Nevada every year producing an awesome amount of $ 40 billion for the tourism returns. (Nevada Features Stories 2005)Centuries are passing one after the other and me The Battle Mountain is still stood here to record the unknown further advancement of civilization in my homeland, Nevada.ReferencesElliot, Russel R. (1987). History of Nevada. 2nd ed. University of Neb. Press.Glass, Mary E. (1981). Nevadas Turbulent Fifties Decade of Political and Economic Change.University of Nev. Press.Nevada Features Stories. Retrieved April 3, 2008, fromhttp//travelnevada.com/story.asp?sid=3Rusco, Elmer R. (1975). Good Time Coming? Black Nevadans in the Nineteenth Century.Greenwood Press.Stewart, George R. (1983). The California Trail. University of Neb. Press.